List of Scientific Studies

Adikari AMGCP, Appukutty M and Kuan G. Effects of Daily Probiotics Supplementation on Anxiety Induced Physiological Parameters among Competitive Football Players. Nutrients. 2020;12(7):1920. doi: 10.3390/nu12071920.

Fong FLY, Lam KY, San Lau C, et al. Reduction in biogenic amines in douchi fermented by probiotic bacteria. PLoS One. 2020 Mar 26;15(3):e0230916. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230916.

Gambaro E, Gramaglia C, Baldon E, et al. “Gut–brain axis”: Review of the role of the probiotics in anxiety and depressive disorders. Brain and Behavior. 2020;10:e01803. doi: 10.1002/brb3.1803.

Ishikawa H, Mutoh M, Yoshimura K, et al. Very Long-Term Treatment with a Lactobacillus Probiotic Preparation, Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota, Suppresses Weight Loss in the Elderly. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1599. doi: 10.3390/nu12061599.

Kakiyama S, Kubota N, Shida K, et al. Effects of citrus juice fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum YIT 0132 on Japanese cedar pollinosis during probiotic consumption: an open study. Bioscience of Microbiota, Food and Health. 2020;39 (3):137–144. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.2019-017

Macnaughtan J, Figorilli F, Garcia-López E, et al. A Double-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota in Stable Cirrhotic Patients. Nutrients. 2020;12(6):1651. doi: 10.3390/nu12061651.

Mai TT, Thi Thu P, Thi Hang H, et al. Efficacy of probiotics on digestive disorders and acute respiratory infections: a controlled clinical trial in young Vietnamese children. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2020 Sep 28. doi: 10.1038/s41430-020-00754-9. Online ahead of print.

Nakanishi W, Miyagi S, Tokodai K, et al. Effect of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol on recovery after open hepatectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg Treat Res. 2020;99(6):320-328. doi: 10.4174/astr.2020.99.6.320.

Nichols J, Engel B, Thomas LV, et al. Impact of a Daily Probiotic (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) for 12 Months on the Frequency of Diverticulitis Episodes: Feasibility Study in Primary Care. Archives of Nutrition and Public Health. 2020;2(1). doi: 10.5281/zenodo.3755563.

Qi X, Fan G and Jia H. The probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota attenuates symptoms of vestibular migraine: a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial. Benef Microbes. 2020;11(5):469-476. doi: 10.3920/BM2020.0058.

Takada T, Chinda D, Mikami T, et al. Dynamic analysis of human small intestinal microbiota after an ingestion of fermented milk by small-intestinal fluid perfusion using an endoscopic retrograde bowel insertion technique. Gut Microbes. 2020;11(6):1662-1676. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1766942.

Yamashiro Y. Effects of Enteral Administration of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on Healthy Children, Dysbiosis in Obese Children, and the Elderly. Br j Gastroenterol. 2020;2(3):89-93. doi: 10.31488/bjg.1000120.

Aoyagi Y, Amamoto R, Park S, et al. Independent and Interactive Effects of Habitually Ingesting Fermented Milk Products Containing Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota reduces hypertension in older people. Front Microbiol. 2019 Jul 31;10:1477. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01477. eCollection 2019.

Chen S, Ou Y, Zhao L, et al. Differential Effects of Lactobacillus casei Strain Shirota on Patients With Constipation Regarding Stool Consistency in China. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Jan 31;25(1):148-158. doi: 10.5056/jnm17085.

Joseph N, Vasodavan K, Saipudin N, et al. Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) profiles of normal and overweight school children in Selangor after probiotics administration. J Funct Foods. 2019;57:103-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.042

Kushiro A, Shimizu K, Takada T, et al. Decreased number of days of fever detection and duration of fever with continuous intake of a fermented milk drink: a randomized; double-blind; placebo-controlled study of elderly nursing home residents. Biosci Microbiota Food Health 2019;38(4):151-157. doi.org/10.12938/bmfh.18-024

Ohkusa T, Koido S, Nishikawa Y, et al. Gut Microbiota and Chronic Constipation: A Review and Update. Front Med (Lausanne). 2019 Feb 12;6:19. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00019. eCollection 2019.

Vaisberg M, da Paixão V, Barbosa E, et al. Daily Intake of Fermented Milk Containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) Modulates Systemic and Upper Airways Immune/Inflammatory Responses in Marathon Runners. Nutrients. 2019;11(7). pii: E1678. doi: 10.3390/nu11071678.

Wu CY, He SJ, Mar K, et al. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans by a commercial yogurt drink. J Dent Sci. 2019 Jun;14(2):198-205. doi: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.11.007.

Zhang C, Xue S, Wang Y, et al. Oral administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves recovery of hand functions after distal radius fracture among elder patients: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, and randomized trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2019 Aug 14;14(1):257. doi: 10.1186/s13018-019-1310-y.

Barnett A, Roy N, Cookson A, et al. Metabolism of caprine milk carbohydrates by probiotic bacteria and Caco-2: HT29–MTX epithelial co-cultures and their impact on intestinal barrier integrity. Nutrients 2018;10(7):949.

Ceresola ER, Ferrarese R, Preti A, et al. Targeting patients’ microbiota with probiotics and natural fibers in adults and children with constipation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2018;22(20):7045-7057.

Finamore A, Ambra R, Nobili F, et al. Redox Role of Lactobacillus casei Shirota Against the Cellular Damage Induced by 2,2′-Azobis (2-Amidinopropane) Dihydrochloride-Induced Oxidative and Inflammatory Stress in Enterocytes-Like Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1131. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.01131. eCollection 2018.

Flach J, Koks M, van der Waal MB, et al. Economic potential of probiotic supplementation in institutionalized elderly with chronic constipation. PharmaNutrition 2018 ;6(4):198-206.

Guo C, Lei M, Wang Y, et al.  Oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota decreases pneumonia and increases pulmonary functions after single rib fracture: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Food Sci. 2018;83(8):2222-2226. doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.14220.

Johnston BC, Lytvyn L, Lo CKF, et al. Microbial Preparations (Probiotics) for the Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: An Individual Patient Data Meta-analysis of 6,851 Participants. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2018;39(7):771-781. doi: 10.1017/ice.2018.84.

Lei M, Guo C, Wang Y, et al. Oral administration of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota relieves pain after single rib fracture: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2018;27(6):1252-1257. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.201811_27(6).0012.

Li B, Zheng J, Zhang X, et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves efficacy of amoxicillin-sulbactam against childhood fast breathing pneumonia in a randomized placebo-controlled double blind clinical study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2018 Nov; 63(3): 233–237. doi: 10.3164/jcbn.17-117.

Meenakshi SS and Varghese S. Adjunctive effect of probiotic (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) to scaling and root planning in the management of chronic periodontitis. Drug Invention Today 2018;10(8):1381-1386.

Naito E, Yoshida Y, Kunihiro S, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota-fermented milk on metabolic abnormalities in obese prediabetic Japanese men: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Biosci Microbiota Food Health. 2018;37(1):9-18. doi: 10.12938/bmfh.17-012.

Qian Y, Song JL, Sun P, et al. Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota enhances the in vitro antiproliferative effect of geniposide in human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-3 Cells. Molecules. 2018 May 3;23(5). pii: E1069. doi: 10.3390/molecules23051069.

Shimizu K, Ogura H, Kabata D, et al. Association of prophylactic synbiotics with reduction in diarrhea and pneumonia in mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: A propensity score analysis. J Infect Chemother. 2018 Oct;24(10):795-801. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2018.06.006. Epub 2018 Jul 20.

Silalahi J, Nadarason D, Silalahi YCE. The effect of storage condition on antioxidant activity of probiotics in yogurt drinks. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 2018;11(12):280-283.

Srivastava A, Singh P, Chandra N, et al. Role of probiotics in control of gastrointestinal diseases. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2018;13(2/3):55-68.

Aoyagi Y, Park S, Matsubara S, et al. Habitual intake of fermented milk products containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and a reduced risk of hypertension in older people. Benef Microbes 2017;8(1): 23-29.

Ishizaki A, Bi X, Nguyen LV, et al. Effects of Short-Term Probiotic Ingestion on Immune Profiles and Microbial Translocation among HIV-1-Infected Vietnamese Children. Int J Mol Sci. 2017;18(10). pii: E2185. doi: 10.3390/ijms18102185.

Lei M, Guo C, Wang D, et al. The effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on knee osteoarthritis: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Benef Microbes 2017;8(5): 697-703.

Lin YTJ, Chou CC, Hsu CYS. Effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota intake on caries risk in children. J Dental Sci. 2017;12(2):179-184.

Lin X, Chen X, Tu Y, et al. Effect of probiotic lactobacilli on the growth of Streptococcus mutans and multispecies biofilms isolated from children with active caries. Med Sci Monit. 2017;23:4175-4181.

Martínez-Martínez MI, Calabuig-Tolsá R, Cauli O. The effect of probiotics as a treatment for constipation in elderly people: A systematic review. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2017;71:142–149

Marco ML, Heeney D, Binda S, et al. Health benefits of fermented foods: microbiota and beyond. Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2017;44:94-102. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.11.010.

Mai TT, Hop DV, Anh TT, et al. Recovery of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) from the intestine of healthy Vietnamese adults after intake of fermented milk. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26(1):72-77. doi: 10.6133/apjcn.112015.09.

Motoori M, Yano M, Miyata H, et al. Randomized study of the effect of synbiotics during neoadjuvant chemotherapy on adverse events in esophageal cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2017;36(1):93-99.

Nagata S, Chiba Y, Wang C, et al. The effects of the Lactobacillus casei strain on obesity in children: a pilot study. Benef Microbes 2017;8(4):535-543. doi: 10.3920/BM2016.0170.

Sato J, Kanazawa A, Azuma K, et al. Probiotic reduces bacterial translocation in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomised controlled study. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):12115. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-12535-9.

Shida K, Sato T, Iizuka R, et al. Daily intake of fermented milk with Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota reduces the incidence and duration of upper respiratory tract infections in healthy middle-aged office workers. Eur J Nutr. 2017;56(1):45-53. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-1056-1.

Sumalapao DEP, Mesina JART, Cabrera EC, et al. Viability kinetics of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain in a commercial fermented milk drink during refrigerated storage. Natl J Physiol, Pharm Pharmacol. 2017;7(11):1242-1246.

Takada M, Nishida K, Gondo Y, et al. Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on academic stress-induced sleep disturbance in healthy adults: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Benef Microbes 2017; 8(2):153-162.

Unal Turhan E, Erginkaya Z, Uney MH, et al. Inactivation Effect of Probiotic Biofilms on Growth of Listeria monocytogenes. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2017;23(4):541-546. doi: 10.9775/kvfd.2016.172533.541-546.

Harbige LS, Pinto E, Allgrove J, Thomas LV. Immune response of healthy adults to the ingested probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota.  Scand J Immunol 2016;4(6):353-364

Komatsu S, Sakamoto E, Norimizu S, et al. Efficacy of perioperative synbiotics treatment for the prevention of surgical site infection after laparoscopic colorectal surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Today. 2016;46(4):479-90.

Lei M, Hua LM, Wang DW. The effect of probiotic treatment on elderly patients with distal radius fracture: a prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial. Benef Microbes. 2016;7(5):631-637.

Mohd Redzwan S, Abd Mutalib MS, Wang JS, et al. Effect of supplementation of fermented milk drink containing probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on the concentrations of aflatoxin biomarkers among employees of Universiti Putra Malaysia: a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(1):39-54.

Nagata S, Asahara T, Wang C, et al. The effectiveness of Lactobacillus beverage in controlling infections among the residents of an aged care facility: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Ann Nutr Metabol. 2016;68(1):51-59.

Kato-Kataoka A, Nishida K, Takada M, et al. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota prevents the onset of physical symptoms in medical students under academic examination stress. Benef Microbes 2016;7(2):153-156. doi: 10.3920/BM2015.

Kato-Kataoka A, Nishida K, Takada M, et al. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota preserves the diversity of the gut microbiota and relieves abdominal dysfunction in healthy medical students exposed to academic stress. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016;82(12):3649-3658. doi: 10.1128/AEM.04134-15

Rivas-Jimenez L, Ramírez-Ortiz K, González-Córdova AF, et al. Evaluation of acrylamide-removing properties of two Lactobacillus strains under simulated gastrointestinal conditions using a dynamic system. Microbiol Res. 2016;190:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.micres.2016.04.016

Akoglu B, Loytved A, Nuiding H, et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves kidney function, inflammation and bowel movements in hospitalized patients with acute gastroenteritis – A prospective study. J Funct Foods. 2015;17:305-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2015.05.021

Falasca K, Vecchiet J, Ucciferri C, et al. Effect of probiotic supplement on cytokine levels in HIV-infected individuals: a preliminary study. Nutrients 2015;7:8335-8347. doi: 10.3390/nu7105396.

Hulston CJ, Churnside AA, Venables MC. Probiotic supplementation prevents high-fat, overfeeding-induced insulin resistance in human subjects. Br J Nutr. 2015 Feb 28;113(4):596-602. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514004097

Sakai T, Kubota H, Gawad A, et al. Effect of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on constipation-related symptoms and haemorrhoids in women during puerperium. Benef Microbes 2015;6(3):253-262. doi: 10.3920/BM2014.0076.

Van den Nieuwboer M, Klomp-Hogeterp A, Verdoorn S, et al. Improving the bowel habits of elderly residents in a nursing home using probiotic fermented milk. Benef Microbes 2015;6(4):397-403.

Wang R, Chen S, Jin J et al. Survival of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in the intestines of healthy Chinese adults. Microbiology Immunology 2015;59(5):268-276. doi: 10.1111/1348-0421.12249.

Wong S, Saif M, O’Driscoll J, et al. Use of probiotics in preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile associated diarrhoea in spinal injury centres: an international multicentre study. International Journal of Probiotics Prebiotics 2015;10(23):85-90.

Pirker A, Stockenhuber A, Remely M, et al. Effects of antibiotic therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota and the influence of Lactobacillus casei. Food Agr Immunol. 2013;24(3):315-330. doi: 10.1080/09540105.2012.689816

Serrano-Niño CJ, Cavazos-Garduño A, González-Córdova AF, et al. In vitro study of the potential protective role of Lactobacillus strains by acrylamide binding. J Food Safety 2014;34:62-68.

Tilley L, Keppens K, Kushiro A, et al. A probiotic fermented drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota improves stool consistency of constipated subjects. Int J Probiotics and Prebiotics 2014;9(1/2):23-30.

Tsuji H, Chonan O, Suyama Y, et al. Maintenance of healthy intestinal microbiota in women who regularly consume probiotics. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2014;9(1/2):31-38.

Wong S, Jamous A, O’Driscoll J, et al. A Lactobacillus casei Shirota probiotic drink reduces antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in patients with spinal cord injuries: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr. 2014 Feb;111(4):672-678. doi: 10.1017/S0007114513002973.

Dong H, Rowland I, Thomas LV, et al. Immunomodulatory effects of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota in healthy older volunteers. Eur J Nutr. 2013 Dec;52(8):1853-1863. doi: 10.1007/s00394-012-0487-1.

Fujita R, Iimuro S, Shinozaki T, et al. Decreased duration of acute upper respiratory tract infections with daily intake of fermented milk: A multicentre, double-blinded, randomized comparative study in users of day care facilities for the elderly population. Am J Infect Control 2013;41(12):1231-1235.

Lee LYW, Golmohamad R, MacFaul G. Prevention of relapse following Clostridium difficile infection using probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2013;8(4):145-148.

Mann ER, You J, Horneffer-van der Sluis V, et al. Dysregulated circulating dendritic cell function in ulcerative colitis is partially restored by probiotic strain Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:573576. doi: 10.1155/2013/573576.

Sutula J, Coulthwaite LA, Thomas LV et al. The effect of a commercial probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on oral health in healthy dentate people. Microb Ecol Health Dis. 2013 Oct 29;24. doi: 10.3402/mehd.v24i0.21003.

Toi M, Hirota S, Tomotaki A, et al. Probiotic beverage with soy isoflavone consumption for breast cancer prevention: a case control study. Curr Nutr Food Sci. 2013;9(3):194-200.

Verhoeven V, Renard N, Makar A, et al. Probiotics enhance the clearance of human papillomavirus-related lesions: a prospective controlled pilot study. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2013 Jan;22(1):46-51. doi: 10.1097/CEJ.0b013e328355ed23.

Almeida CC, Lorena SLS, Pavan CR et al. Beneficial effects of long-term consumption of a probiotic combination of Lactobacillus casei Shirota and Bifidobacterium breve Yakult may persist after suspension of therapy in lactose intolerant patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012;27(2):247-251. doi: 10.1177/0884533612440289.

Fuskevåg O-M, Annika Broster A, Davies N et al. Lactobacillus casei Shirota modulation of ammonia metabolism in physical exercise. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2012;7(1):13-16.

Mendonça FHBP, dos Santos SSF, Goncalves e Sliva CR, et al. Effects of probiotic bacteria on Candida presence and IgA anti-Candida in the oral cavity of elderly. Braz Dent J. 2012;23(5):534-538.

Shimizu M, Iwasaki H, Mase S, et al. Successful treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis with a steroid and a probiotic. Case Rep Gastroenterol. 2012 May;6(2):249-253. doi: 10.1159/000338834.

Thomson CH, Hassan I, Dunn K. Yakult: a role in combating multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa? J Wound Care 2012;21(11):566-569.

Bian L, Nagata S, Asahara T, et al. Effects of the continuous intake of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota-fermented milk on risk management of long-term inpatients at health service facilities for the elderly. International Journal of Probiotics and Prebiotics 2011; 6:123-132.

Braga TD, da Silva GA, de Lira PIC, et al. Efficacy of Bifidobacterium breve and Lactobacillus casei oral supplementation on necrotizing enterocolitis in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutri. 2011;93:81-86.

Cassani E, Privitera G, Pezzoli G, et al. Use of probiotics for the treatment of constipation in Parkinson’s disease patients. Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol. 2011 Jun;57(2):117-121.

Endo H, Higurashi T, Hoson K et al. Efficacy of Lactobacillus casei treatment on small bowel injury in chronic low-dose aspirin users: a pilot randomized controlled study. J Gastroenterol 2011;46:894-905. doi: 10.1007/s00535-011-0410-1

Gleeson M, Bishop NC, Oliveira M, et al. Daily probiotic’s (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) reduction of infection incidence in athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011 Feb;21(1):55-64.

Krammer HJ, von Seggern H, Schaumburg J, et al. Effect of Lactobacillus casei Shirota on colonic transit time in patients with chronic constipation. Coloproctol. 2011;33:109–113.

Nagata S, Asahara T, Ohta T, et al. Effect of the continuous intake of probiotic-fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on fever in a mass outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis and the faecal microflora in a health service facility for the aged.  Br J Nutr. 2011;106(4):549-556.

Nakabayashi I, Nakamura M, Kawakami K et al. Effects of synbiotic treatment on serum level of p-cresol in haemodialysis patients: a preliminary study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(3):1094-8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq624

Reale M, Boscolo P, Bellante V et al. Daily Lactobacillus casei Shirota intake increases natural killer cell activity in smokers.  British Journal of Nutrition 2011;108(2):308-314. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511005630

Shida K, Nanno M, Nagata S. Flexible cytokine production by macrophages and T cells in response to probiotic bacteria. Gut Microbes 2011;2(2):109-114.

Sakai T, Makino H, Ishikawa E, et al. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota reduces incidence of hard or lumpy stools in healthy population. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2011;62(4):423-430.

Slawik S, Staufenbiel I, Schilke R et al. Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental gingivitis in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2011 Jul;65(7):857-863.

Sur D, Manna B, Niyogi SK, et al. Role of probiotic in preventing acute diarrhoea in children: a community-based, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled field trial in an urban slum. Epidemiol Infect. 2011 Jun;139(6):919-26. doi: 10.1017/S0950268810001780.

Takada T, Shimizu K, Sato M, et al. Effect of a fermented milk  beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on defecation and bowel symptoms of healthy volunteers with hard stool; a pilot study J. Nutr. Food 2011;14(1):1-10 [Article in Japanese]

Usami M, Miyishi M, Kanbara Y, et al Effects of perioperative synbiotic treatment on infectious complications, intestinal integrity and faecal flora and organic acids in hepatic surgery with or without cirrhosis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011 May;35(3):317-28. doi: 10.1177/0148607110379813.

Eguchi S, Takatsuki M, Hidaka M, et al. Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent infectious complications in patients after elective living donor liver transplantation. A prospective randomised study. Am J Surg. 2011 Apr;201(4):498-502. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.02.013

Matsumoto K, Takada T, Shimizu K, et al. Effects of a probiotic fermented milk beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on defecation frequency, intestinal microbiota, and the intestinal environment of healthy individuals with soft stools. J Biosci Bioeng. 2010;110(5):547-552.

Hernández-Mendoza A, Guzmán-de-Peña D, García HS. Key role of teichoic acids on aflatoxin B1 binding by probiotic bacteria. J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Aug;107(2):395-403. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04217.x.

Lewis JN, Thomas LV, and Weir W. The potential of probiotic fermented milk products in reducing risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile disease. International Journal of Dairy Technology 2009;62(4):461-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0307.2009.00518.x

Rao AV, Bested AC, Beaulne TM, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of a probiotic in emotional symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome. Gut Pathog. 2009 Mar 19;1(1):6. doi: 10.1186/1757-4749-1-6.

Staab B, Eick S, Knofler G et al. The influence of a probiotic milk drink on the development of gingivitis: a pilot study. J Clin Periodontol. 2009 Oct;36(10):850-856. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01459.x.

Barrett JS, Canale KEK, Gearry RB, et al. Probiotic effects on intestinal fermentation patterns in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008;14(32):5020-5024.

Mitsuyama K, Matsumoto S, Yamasaki H, et al Beneficial effects of Lactobacillus casei in ulcerative colitis: a pilot study.  Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 2008;43(Suppl 1):78-81.

De Preter V, Raemen H, Cloetens L, et al. Effect of dietary intervention with different pre- and probiotics on intestinal bacterial enzyme activities. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008 Feb;62(2):225-231.

Fujimoto J, Matsuki T, Sasamoto M, et al. Identification and quantification of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in human feces with strain-specific primers derived from randomly amplified polymorphic DNA. Int J Food Microbiol. 2008 Aug 15;126(1-2):210-205.

Ivory K, Chambers S, Pin C, et al. Oral delivery of Lactobacillus casei Shirota modifies allergen-induced immune responses in allergic rhinitis. Clin Exp Allergy. 2008 Aug;38(8):1282-1289. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.03025.x

Naito S, Koga H, Yamaguchi A et al. Prevention of recurrence with Epirubicin and Lactobacillus casei after transurethral resection of bladder cancer. J Urol. 2008 Feb;179(2):485-90.

Stadlbauer V, Mookerjee RP, Hodges S, et al. Effect of probiotic treatment on deranged neutrophil function and cytokine responses in patients with compensated alcoholic cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2008 Jun;48(6):945-951. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2008.02.015.

Benton D, Williams C, Brown A. Impact of consuming a milk drink containing a probiotic on mood and cognition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007 Mar;61(3):355-361.

De Preter V, Vanhoutte T, Huys G, et al. Effects of Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Bifidobacterium breve and oligofructose-enriched inulin on colonic nitrogen-protein metabolism in healthy humans. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2007;292(1):G358-368.

Tuohy KM, Pinart-Gilberga M, Jones M, et al. Survivability of a probiotic Lactobacillus casei in the gastrointestinal tract to healthy human volunteers and its impact on the faecal microflora. J Appl Microbiol 2007;102:1026-1032.

Fujimori S, Tatsuguchi A, Gudis K, et al. High dose probiotic and prebiotic co-therapy for remission induction of active Crohn’s disease.  Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 2007; 22: 1199-1204.

Takeda K and Okumura K. Effects of a fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the human NK-cell activity. (2007) J Nutr. 2007 Mar;137(3 Suppl 2):791S-3S. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.3.791S

Matsumoto K, Takada T, Shimizu K, et al. The effects of a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the defecation frequency and intestinal microflora of sub-optimal health state volunteers: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study. J. Biosci. Microflora 2006;25(2):39-48. doi: 10.12938/bifidus.25.39

Srinivasan R, Meyer R, Padmanabhan R, et al. Clinical safety of Lactobacillus casei Shirota as a probiotic in critically ill children.  J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Feb;42(2):171-173.

Shida K, Suzuki T, KIyoshima-Shibata J, et al. Essential roles of monocytes in stimulating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with Lactobacillus casei to produce cytokines and augment natural killer cell activity. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2006 Sep;13(9):997-1003.

Shida K, Kiyoshima-Shibata J, Nagaoka M. et al. Induction of interleukin-12 by Lactobacillus strains having a rigid cell wall resistant to intracellular digestion. Journal of Dairy Science 2006;98:3306-3317.

Takeda K, Suzuki T, Shimada SI, et al. Interleukin-12 is involved in the enhancement of human natural killer cell activity by Lactobacillus casei Shirota. Clin Exp Immunol. 2006 Oct;146(1):109-115.

Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, et al. Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Annal of Surgery 2006;244(5):706-714.

Shioiri T, Yahagi K, Nakayama S, et al. The effects of a synbiotic fermented milk beverage containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota and transgalactosylated oligosaccharides on defecation frequency, intestinal microflora, organic acid concentrations, and putrefactive metabolites of sub-optimal health state volunteers: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study. Bioscience Microflora 2006;25(4):137-146. doi:10.12938/bifidus.25.137

Sugawara G, Nagino M, Nishio H, et al. Perioperative synbiotic treatment to prevent postoperative infectious complications in biliary cancer surgery: A randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg. 2006 Nov;244(5):706-714.

Kanazawa H, Nagino M, Kamiya S, et al. Synbiotics reduce postoperative infectious complications: a randomized controlled trial in biliary cancer patients undergoing hepatectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2005 Apr;390(2):104-13.

Matsuzaki T, Saito M, Usuku K, et al. A prospective uncontrolled trial of fermented milk drink containing viable Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota in the treatment of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2005;273:75-81.

Morimoto K, Takeshita T, Nanno M, et al. Modulation of natural killer cell activity by supplementation of fermented milk containing Lactobacillus casei in smokers. Prev Med. 2005 May;40(5):589-94.

Ishikawa H, Akedo I, Otani T, et al. Randomized trial of dietary fibre and Lactobacillus casei administration for prevention of colorectal tumours. Int J Cancer. 2005 Sep 20;116(5):762-767.

De Preter V, Geboes K, Verbrugghe K, et al. The in vivo use of the stable isotope-labelled biomarkers lactose- [15N]ureide and [2H4]tyrosine to assess the effects of pro-and prebiotics on the intestinal flora of healthy human volunteers. Br J Nutr. 2004 Sep;92(3):439-446.

Pickerd N and Tuthill D. Resolution of cryptosporidiosis with probiotic treatment. Postgrad Med J. 2004 Feb; 80(940): 112–113. doi: 10.1136/pmj.2003.014175

Cats A, Kuipers EJ, Bosscharts MAR, et al. Effect of frequent consumption of a Lactobacillus casei–containing milk drink in Helicobacter pylori– colonized subjects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Feb;17(3):429-35. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01452.x

Koebnick C, Wagner I, Leitzmann P, et al. Probiotic beverage containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota improves gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with chronic constipation. Can J Gastroenterol. 2003 Nov;17(11):655-659. DOI: 10.1155/2003/654907

Ohashi Y, Nakai S, Tsukamoto T, et al. Habitual intake of lactic acid bacteria and risk reduction of bladder cancer. Urol Int. 2002;68(4):273-280. DOI: 10.1159/000058450

Candy DCA, Densham L, Lamont LS, et al. Effect of administration of Lactobacillus casei Shirota on sodium balance in an infant with short bowel syndrome. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2001 Apr;32(4):506-8. DOI: 10.1097/00005176-200104000-00027

Nagao F, Nakayama M, Muto T, et al. Effects of a fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the immune system in healthy subjects. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2000 Dec;64(12):2706-8. doi: 10.1271/bbb.64.2706

Yuki N, Watanabe K, Mike A, et al. Survival of a probiotic, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, in the gastrointestinal tract: selective isolation from faeces and identification using monoclonal antibodies. Int J Food Microbiol. 1999 Apr 1;48(1):51-57. DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00029-x

Spanhaak S, Havenaar R, Schaafsma G. The effect of consumption of milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota on the intestinal microflora and  immune parameters in humans. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998 Dec;52(12):899-907. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600663

Aso Y, Akaza H, Kotake T, et al. Preventive effect of a Lactobacillus casei preparation on the recurrence of superficial bladder cancer in a double blind trial. Eur Urol. 1995;27(2):104-109. DOI: 10.1159/000475138

Hayatsu H and Hayatsu T. Suppressing effect of Lactobacillus casei administration on the urinary mutagenicity arising from ingestion of fried ground beef in the human. Cancer Lett. 1993 Sep 30;73(2-3):173-9. DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(93)90261-7